Introduction
The development of knowledge and skills in the areas of cancer prevention, risk assessment and appropriate screening can reduce the incidence of cancer and improve survival rates through early detection, intervention and treatment.
The etiology of cancer is multifactorial: including genetic, environmental, lifestyle and viral factors that may contribute to the development of a cancer. Health professionals need to educate the community about causes associated with cancers and build awareness of the increased risks for specific cancers in different demographics.
In some cases, cancers, particularly those involving exposure to avoidable carcinogens such as tobacco smoke, may be prevented or the incidence greatly reduced. Health professionals can adopt health promotion strategies and early intervention techniques to educate themselves and their patients about choices they can make to reduce their risk of developing a cancer.
Some people may be predisposed to cancer according to factors including genetics, ethnicity, age and gender. Health professionals need to be aware of their at-risk clients to advocate self detection strategies, determine an appropriate screening program and be alert to key symptoms to ensure early detection and referral.